What happens if you Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V on the Doctor’s data files? Do you duplicate a sentient being?
In “Virtuoso”, Tom & Harry try to reproduce the Doctor but they’re basically trying to make him from scratch, so I don’t think their failure is relevant.
At the end of “Author, Author” we see many repurposed EMH Mk1s working as miners:
…and they seem to be self-aware, so I guess we have to assume that it’s technically feasible.
But then what happens if you Ctrl+Z?
Short answer, “yes” with an “if.” Long answer, “no” with a “but.”