The root of the concept of race was in religious affiliation, so Jews have been a separate entity since before race even was about what we think of as race.

Also, not all jews are of European descent even taking that into consideration, in fact prior to the establishment of Israel many of the largest centers of Jewish culture were in the middle east. Specifically in Babylon/Baghdad, and apparently also significantly in the Maghreb. There’s also the Ethiopian jewish community which is a whole other subject historically speaking.